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Abbreviations 40S eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit 4E‐BP1 eIF4E‐binding protein 1 4EGI‐1 eIF4E/eIF4G Interaction inhibitor‐1 4EHP eIF4E‐Homologous Protein 60S eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit 80S eukaryotic ribosome 8‐OxoG 8‐OxoGuanine A site amino acid site ABCE1 ATP binding cassette subfamily E member 1 AD Alzheimer's disease ADDS aldehyde degradation deficiency syndrome AKT protein kinase B ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ANKZF1 ankyrin repeat and zinc finger peptidyl tRNA hydrolase 1 APP amyloid precursor protein ASCC activating signal co‐integrator 1 complex ASCC2 activating signal co‐integrator 1 complex subunit 2 ASCC3 activating signal co‐integrator 1 complex subunit 3 ATP adenosine triphosphate Aβ β‐amyloid BGLF2 Epstein–Barr virus tegument protein C9ORF72 chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 CAT C‐terminal addition to translation CD8+ cluster of differentiation 8 CDK5RAP3 CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 3 cGAS cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase CSF2 colony‐stimulating factor 2 CTP cytidine triphosphate Cue2 coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation ddhCTP 3′deoxy‐3′, 4′‐didehydro‐CTP DKC1 dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 E site exit site EBNA1 EBV nuclear antigen 1 EBV Epstein–Barr virus EDF1 endothelial differentiation‐related factor 1 eEF eukaryotic elongation factor eIF eukaryotic initiation factor EMT epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ERAD endoplasmic reticulum‐associated protein degradation eRF eukaryotic release factor FAT10 HLA‐F adjacent transcript 10 FMRP fragile X mental retardation protein FXS fragile X syndrome GABAA γ‐aminobutyric acid type A GCN1 general control of amino‐acid synthesis 1 GIGYF2 GRB10 interacting GYF protein 2 GPX4 selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 GTP guanosine‐5′‐TriPhosphate GTPBP2 GTP binding protein 2 HBSL1 Hsp70 subfamily B suppressor 1‐like HD Huntingtin disease HRAS HRas proto‐oncogene HSP60 heat shock protein 60 HTT Huntingtin IFI44 interferon induced protein 44 IFIT2 interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 Ifnb1 interferon beta 1 iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells iRQC initiation ribosome quality control ISGs interferon‐stimulated genes ISR integrated stress response LDL‐C low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol LDL‐R low‐density lipoprotein receptor LGR5 leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein coupled receptor 5 LRIG1 leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains protein 1 LTN1 listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 MHC major histocompatibility complex mHTT mutant HTT miRISC microRNA‐induced silencing complex MKRN1 Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid mtHSP70 mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 mTORC1 mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 MTS mitochondrial targeting sequence N4BP2 NEDD4 binding protein 2 NEMF nuclear export mediator factor NGD no‐go decay NPLOC4 nuclear protein localization protein 4 homolog NRF2 NFE2‐related factor 2 NSP1 non‐structural protein 1 NSP2 non‐structural protein 2 ORF open reading frame OTUD3 OTU deubiquitinase 3 P site polypeptide site PABPC1 poly(A)‐binding protein cytoplasmic 1 PAMP pathogen‐associated molecular patterns PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PD Parkinson's disease PELO Pelota PIC pre‐initiation complex PINK1 PTEN induced kinase 1 PRRs pattern recognition receptors PUS7 pseudouridine synthase 7 RACK1 receptor for activated C kinase 1 RIG‐I retinoic acid‐inducible gene I RING domain RING‐type zinc finger domain RNase Ribonuclease RNF10 ring finger protein 10 ROS reactive oxygen species RPL26 ribosomal protein L26 RPS10 small ribosomal subunit protein eS10 RQC ribosome quality control rRNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid RSAD2 radical S‐adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 RSR ribotoxic stress response SAM sterile alpha motif SAPK stress‐activated protein kinase SARS‐CoV‐2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SLFN11 Schlafen family member 11 STING stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor TCF25 transcription factor 25 TOM translocase of the outer membrane TOM1 target of Myb1 TRIP4 thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4 tRNA transfer ribonucleic acid TTC3 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 3 TTP tristetraprolin UBE2D3 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D3 UFDL1 ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1 homolog UFL1 UFM1 specific ligase UFM1 ubiquitin‐fold modifier 1 USP21 ubiquitin specific peptidase 21 UTR untranslated region UV ultraviolet VCP valosin‐containing protein vDUB viral deubiquitinating enzyme Xrn1 5′‐3′ exoribonuclease 1 ZAK sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase AZK ZNF598 zinc finger protein 598 Introduction Eukaryotic mRNAs are commonly modified with a m7GpppN cap at their 5′ end, which protects the mRNA against degradation by 5′ to 3′ endonucleases and facilitates the initiation of mRNA translation